Workplace Observation :: essays research papers

In all the better places I have worked there has consistently been a dress arrangement. In the Army we wore BDU’S and I generally needed to have my hair up. At the point when I began filling in as a CNA again I needed to product a uniform â€Å"Scrubs† and there again they loved are hair to be up. I think in each activity setting there ought to be a clothing regulation for one it will recognize you from every other person and it lets the representatives regard their activity. Language had never been a genuine huge issue to need to control in the employments that I have had. I think as a grown-up working in an expert setting you realize what to state when you can say and where you can say it. Easygoing dress, a work environment perk satisfactory all through corporate America, isn't out and out as basic in different pieces of the world. . (Tatiana D. Helenius)      Sloppiness in dress establishes an awful connection, however it might make others question business qualifications or unwavering quality. . (Tatiana D. Helenius) "In the global arena," said DelVecchio, "the words 'moderate, customary, formal' still especially apply. In the event that you don't know, decide in favor of convention. Regardless of whether in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, or South America, casualness and a thoughtless demeanor will abandon even the most capable executive.† (Tatiana D. Helenius) In the event that it's resolved among your gathering that arrangements will be directed in English, be thoughtful by keeping away from slang terms, for example, "in the loop," "push the envelope" and "should I CC you on that?" This guidance applies to composed correspondences, for example, faxes, too. (Tatiana D. Helenius) In political terms, "conflict" alludes to a progressing condition of threatening vibe between two gatherings of individuals. (Wikipedia: Verbatim duplicating.) Strife as instructed for graduate and expert work in compromise usually has the definition: "when at least two gatherings, with saw contradictory objectives, try to subvert each other's objective looking for capability". One ought not confound the qualification between the nearness and nonattendance of contention with the contrast among rivalry and co-activity. In serious circumstances, the at least two gatherings each have commonly conflicting objectives, with the goal that when either party attempts to arrive at their objective it will sabotage the endeavors of the other to come to theirs. Along these lines, serious circumstances will by their temperament cause strife. Be that as it may, struggle can likewise happen in agreeable circumstances, in which at least two gatherings have steady objectives, in light of the fact that the way wherein one gathering attempts to arrive at their objective can even now subvert the other's endeavor.

Current Pharma Scenario in India Essay

The Indian Pharmaceutical industry has been seeing remarkable development as of late, determined by rising utilization levels in the nation and solid interest from send out business sectors. The pharmaceutical business in India is evaluated to be worth about US$ 8 bn, developing at a yearly pace of 12-15%. In world rankings, the household business stands third as far as volume and twelfth in esteem development terms. The positioning in esteem terms may likewise be an impression of the low costs at which medications are sold in the nation. The business has seen gigantic improvement as far as framework advancement, innovation base and the wide scope of items made. Request from the fares advertise has been becoming quickly because of the capacity of Indian players to create financially savvy drugs with world class producing offices. Mass medications of all significant restorative gatherings, requiring confused assembling forms are currently being created in India. Pharma organizations have grown Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) agreeable offices for the creation of various measurements structures. Likewise, India’s since quite a while ago settled situation as a favored assembling area for worldwide medication producers is rapidly spreading into different regions of redistributing exercises. Taking off expenses of R&D and organization are convincing medication producers to move increasingly more of their disclosure look into and clinical preliminaries exercises to the subcontinent or to build up managerial focuses there, gaining by India’s elevated levels of logical skill just as low wages A profoundly divided industry, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is assessed to have more than 30,000 assembling and advertising units. Indian pharmaceutical industry will be the fourth biggest industry of the nation in 2013 turnover shrewd. The composed division represents only 5% of the business, while an immense 95% is in the disorderly segment. An enormous number of players in the chaotic fragment are little and medium ventures and this portion contributes 35% of the industry’s turnover. Why prescriptions are fundamental? * Increased wellbeing cognizance * Increased life expectancy * Changed way of life, expanded pressure * Junk food utilization * Recurring issues of senior residents (Kidney issues, cardiovascular issues and so on.) * Increasing recurrence of mishaps. (Above figures are taken from â€MAT07 July 2012 IMS ORG information) (ORG IMS Research Pvt. Ltd. is the one worldwide hotspot for driving edge, altered business insight about the pharmaceutical market, furnishing customers with basic data, investigations and answers that drive prevalent business choices and systems.) Along with the assembling of the measurement structures crude material makers, analytic items, careful item producers and bundling component producer shapes a fundamental piece of the business. OPPURTUNITIES: a) Generic Market: India has a huge offer in the worldwide generics showcase and is positioned third. As of late, this portion has been confronting hardened rivalry which makes the size of creation imperative to improve productivity. India has pre-overwhelmingly been a nonexclusive player and can possibly increase a worldwide nearness for the accompanying key turns of events: * Multiple marked medication patent terminations in the present moment of length. As indicated by IMS Health, after 2006-2007 many top selling item licenses lapsed .E.g. In Nov 2011 patent of brand Lipitor terminated. Such termination conveys gigantic effect on the conventional market. * Increasing certainty of purchasers in generics in the created markets * An ace nonexclusive estimation from medicinal services specialists driven by the weight of containing rising social insurance costs * A maturing populace over the world, prompting expanding interest for ease treatments * Global human services emergency like AIDS in the creating scene, requiring reasonable prescription for the majority Generic organizations in India are perceiving the significance of patent expiries and are making huge gradual interests in research and medication advancement. b) Outsourcing: India’s status as a data innovation superpower, with access to master abilities and all day, every day work hours, is a colossal bit of leeway as it reinforces its situation as the goal of decision for contract examine, including drug revelation. Eighty-two percent of U.S organizations by and large position India as their first-decision IT re-appropriating goal, says driving worldwide clinical research association Chiltern International, including that IT and ITenabled administrations (ITES) organizations have been extending their exercises in India to new business fragments, for example, bioinformatics and life sciences; those doing as such or wanting to incorporate Accenture, Intel, Satyam, Cognizant, IBM, Oracle and TCS. Wipro Spectramind, India’s biggest outsider seaward business process redistributing supplier, is directing bioinformatics work for worldwide pharmaceutical organizations MNCs that have just gone into off shoring contracts incorporate Pfizer India, which has marked a favored supplier contract for its biometrics division with Cognizant Technologies India and is additionally working with SIRO Clinpharm; Wyeth, working with Accenture in clinical preliminary information the executives; GSK, whose biomedical information sciences and clinical information the board place in Bangalore bolsters reads for the gathering around the world; and Novartis, which has a product advancement community for particular medication improvement programs India’s Other Advantages for Off shoring * Low-cost expertise base * Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and U.S. FDA consistence levels * High perceivability in generics * High-quality, consistent assembling * Strong budgetary situation with capacity to scale up * Manufacturing limit * Access to new advancements * Cost proficiency and reputation * Industry position * Recognition of item licenses c) Contract Manufacturing: Assembling re-appropriating gracefully of dynamic pharmaceutical fixings (APIs) and intermediates * Development re-appropriating directing preclinical and clinical preliminaries * Customized science administrations contract inquire about administrations for mixes pre-dispatch. Difficulties: Considerably after the expanded venture, advertise pioneers, for example, Ranbaxy and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories spent just 5-10% of their incomes on R&D, lingering behind Western pharmaceuticals like Pfizer, whose exploration spending a year ago was more prominent than the consolidated incomes of the whole Indian pharmaceutical industry. This difference is too extraordinary to even think about being clarified by cost differentials, and it comes when progresses in genomics have made research gear more costly than any other time in recent memory. The medication revelation process is additionally frustrated by a lack of qualified atomic researcher. Because of the distinction among educational plan and industry, pharmas in India likewise do not have the scholarly coordinated effort that is critical to sedate advancement in the West thus far. It very well may be characterized as arranging and executing different ideas of value, advancement, dispersion and administrations offered to potential purchasers. 1. Difficulties Move from intense to constant With the infection trouble moving from intense to incessant and way of life changing, item arrangement of organizations are likewise changing quickly to incorporate long haul treatments. That gets more noteworthy difficulties of ‘adherence’ to treatment for better patient results. On account of irresistible sicknesses, the issue of medication opposition is posing a potential threat as well. Buyer mentality towards wellbeing Proactively taking care of wellbeing is by all accounts the keep going thing on the Indian consumer’s mind. Except if one falls debilitated, he doesn't look for clinical consideration. What's more, significantly after he falls debilitated, the tendency is towards a speedy recuperation with the goal that he can return to work. Recently, this is starting to change among a specific area who have started to pay attention to preventive wellbeing check up, and focus on sustenance and way of life for better wellbeing. Specialist attitude With the proportion of specialist: individuals being exceptionally low, specialists are amazingly caught up with treating patients. With less time available, they can't focus on quiet instruction or advising. Nor are they ready to give sufficient opportunity to refresh their insight, regardless of whether they wish to. Along these lines with fresher treatments being made accessible, proceeding with clinical training programs for specialists are getting progressively significant. Such courses, gatherings and the web address this issue. Numerous brands, decreased separation With many organizations advertising similar particles with various brand names, no separation between brands, specialists allowing one moment or so to detail, the difficulties for today’s pharma advertiser are tremendous. 2. Openings Improving human services foundation With an ever increasing number of private emergency clinics being developed, government spending on medicinal services expanding and progressively number of individuals getting to wellbeing protection; the local market provides more prominent chances. Be that as it may, the mentality and range of abilities should be tuned for this. Access to data on wellbeing Individuals are progressively getting to data on wellbeing, some of which is right, however most other being confounding and wrong. Specialists are confronting inquiries from patients as well. This offers an incredible open door for the pharma advertisers to give bleeding edge apparatuses to the specialist to assist him with staying refreshed, and to arrive at patients with instructive and precise data. This likewise opens ways to advertisers of OTC and nutraceutical items to arrive at buyers. Infiltrating rustic markets A few organizations have just found a way to arrive at country markets. Progressively creative systems to arrive at these business sectors are required for development. Here once more, utilizing innovation could be the key. Entrance of the portable being huge in India, this medium offers extraordinary chance. Foundations offering pharmaceutical advertising courses: 1. NIPER 2. Narsee Monjee Institute of Mgt Studies, Mumbai 3. Indian

Interview MAKE IT SCREAM, MAKE IT BURN Author Leslie Jamison

Interview MAKE IT SCREAM, MAKE IT BURN Author Leslie Jamison When I first read Leslie Jamison’s essay collection The Empathy Exams  back in 2014, I devoured every essay. I then read her novel The Gin Closet, and have read everything she’s put out since. Her writing is sharp and observant, and her ability to move from fiction to personal essay to narrative nonfiction and memoir is admirable. I caught up with her via email to talk about her essay collection Make It Scream, Make It Burn, coming out September 24. Jaime Herndon: You cover a variety of topics in this new book; how did you decide what to include? Leslie Jamison: These essays are just a portion of the writing I’ve done over the past seven years, and ultimately it felt important to me to put together a collection that felt purposeful rather than simply aggregated. As I started looking at the writing I was drawn to, I started to see these themes running underneath pieces that seemed quite disparate in their surface subjects: obsession, longing, hauntingâ€"all of these being ways of describing the ways we feel shaped by what we can’t possess. JH: You state on your website that Make It Scream, Make It Burn is a mirror image to The Empathy Exams. Was this a conscious choice, or did it happen organically?   LJ:  Make It Scream, Make It Burn is divided into three sectionsâ€"Longing, Looking, and Dwellingâ€"and across the course of these essays, it moves from an outward reportorial gaze to a more autobiographical vein of inquiry, closing with deeply personal essays about romance, family, and motherhood. In this arc, it functions as a kind of mirror to my first collection, The Empathy Exams, which began in a deeply personal place and then pointed this confessional gaze outward. Was this mirroring a conscious choice? Not from the outset. From the outset, with both books, I wasn’t writing with an aerial map in mind. I was simply following what fascinated me, what I felt a certain kind of urgency about writing. BUT, once I started to have a strong sense of which essays I wanted to include in this collection, I did become fascinated by the idea of sequencing them in a way that would invert the inward-to-outward logic of The Empathy Examsâ€"that would effectively peel away layers from the jou rnalistic voice to reveal what had been driving her fascinations. JH: I know you’re the Chair of Columbia’s CNF program and a professor, and you also have a family. As a working mother myself, I’m always intrigued to hear how other parents (of any gender, but usually mothers, since many times it falls upon us to do a lot of the work) carve out a writing routine or space for themselves. Can you speak to what your routine looks like? LJ:  Some writers moan about getting too many questions about “process,” and I cannot relate to that lament in any way at all. I’m always hungry to hear other writers talk about how they workâ€"and how they make space for their workâ€"and am always glad to be part of that conversation, as well. I think it’s so important to demystify the writing process, to make it something daily and granular, to push back against the idea that logistics and inspiration are competing gods that live in different worlds. They both live in this one. One of my best friends and I like to talk about the work involved in fighting our way back to the “sacred clearing”â€"that space where the writing can actually happen, amidst all the childcare and the teaching and the grocery shopping. It’s simply a relief to acknowledge and articulate and hear others articulate that there is so much work involved in coming back to this clearing; and that sometimes you get there, and nothing much happens, and y ou have to believe in that part of the work too: showing up for the writing, even when it’s not going as well as you’d hoped. To speak practically: paid childcare is a huge part of what makes it possible for me to write. I also do a lot of work during my toddler daughter’s naps, and after she goes to sleep at night. I’ve gotten very good at sorting work into different categories: “nap work” or “post-bedtime” often involves discrete tasks (like emails or workshop letters), while I preserve those precious stretches of longer hours for the creative work, when I can really dive in without being impossibly tired or uncertain when I’ll be called back. JH: What are you working on now? LJ:  I am working on an essay about Garry Winograndâ€"there’s an exhibit of his color photography at the Brooklyn Museum that feels to me like a secular cathedral of humanity, in all its bewilderment and gloryâ€"and also feeling my way into another novel, for the first time in almost a decade! Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The General Strain Theory Of Criminology Essay - 1521 Words

Before we embark on description and analysis of a General Strain Theory of criminology, it is important to, first of all, understand the meaning of the term criminology. Criminology, as defined by the two social theorists, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham of Italy and England respectively in their classical school of criminology, is the scientific study of crime, its causes, law enforcement as well as prevention measures taken to curb and control the crime in this case. Despite the fact that criminology has lots of fields including sociology, economics, psychology, biology, psychiatry, statistics and even anthropology, the term also has various theories explaining the real concepts surrounding crime, criminal and criminologist. The reason as to why these theories are many is that criminologists are trying as much as possible to seek the best solutions for reducing the levels and types of crimes. In this regards, the specific theory of criminology that will be described and analyzed in this paper is the General Strain Theory. The strain theory, developed by Robert K. Merton in 1957 is not only a criminology theory but it is a sociology theory as well stating that individuals do indulge in crimes because the society exerts pressure and puts a lot of strain on them while they are on the process of achieving socially acceptable goals. A good example of this socially acceptable goal is the American Dream whereas examples of crimes committed under strain theory includeShow MoreRelatedThe Boyz N The Hood Based On Criminology Concept Of The General Strain Theory1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I will analysis the film Boyz N the Hood based on and around the criminology concept of the General Strain Theory. The film Boyz N the Hood depicts a story about an African-American boy growing up in â€Å"the hood† of South Central LA. South Central is a place where on average 1 out of 21 African American men will be die as a result of â€Å"the streets†. African Americans within the African-American community are more susceptible to becoming a casualty to gang affiliation andRead MoreA Norm Is A Rule Of Behavior Of Individuals In Society1491 Words   |  6 Pages Strain theory is the negative emotions that create pressure such as anger for correcting an action that may lead to crime. Responding to a crime is way to escape from strain to seek revenge against the strain of alleviate negative emotions (â€Å"Strain theories - criminology - Oxford bibliographies - obo,† 2017). Major strains of theory describe strain’s that leads to crime, increase of crime and the factors leading to the individuals or dissuade appearing to respond to strains of crime (â€Å"StrainRead MoreThe Revival of the Strain Theory Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagespresented many theories to serve as such explanations with strain theory being one of them; however, like many other theories, strain theory was pushed aside decades ago. It was not until recently that this theory was given new life by criminologist, Robert Agnew. Robert Agnew introduced this new development as the general strain theory. GST was the first supposition that was not tied to s ocial class or cultural variables as it was in previous implications of Émile Durkheim’s anomie theory. Instead,Read MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effects On Adolescent Delinquency913 Words   |  4 Pages There are many ways in which general strain theory can be implemented in policy. Programs created to reduce delinquency and crime must be focused on the negative emotions, behavior and actions of the individual, and relationships developed through interaction. A family based program is a program that could be implemented. The idea behind a family oriented program would be designed to address family bond and communication between the parents and children. Studies done in the past support the notionRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 Pages  A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern dayRead MoreThe General Strain Theory By Robert Merton1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe General Strain Theory-Susan Smith In 1995, a very heinous, mysterious crime was committed the murder of two innocent boys by their mother. This crime was thought to be completely unexplainable. This mother convinced America that a black man had stole her car and kidnapped her children. Little did we know this suicidal woman would be capable of committing such a crime. There are many theories that you can apply to this case. However the theory that fits it most closely is the general strain theoryRead MoreStrain Theory And Its Impact On Society Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesWithin the social science field, strain theory has been expanded and advanced by many theorists over the last century. Created by Emile Durkheim in a study surrounding suicide, it quickly adapted to other areas of criminology and sociology. Strain theory can explain many forms of crimes, it cannot account for all forms of crime and deviant behaviour within society. Strain is prevalent throughout many forms of societal life, but not all can be lin ked to the crimes of which are committed by those withinRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Sociology1624 Words   |  7 PagesChicago school of sociology and â€Å"General Strain Theory (GST) share any type of relationship in regards to stress, criminal behavior that leads to crime, negative emotions base on the community in which they reside, and failure to achieve positively valued goals (i.e., status or money) because of their living conditions or environment† (â€Å"Review of the Roots†, n.d.). Literature Review General Strain Theory symbolizes the most significant theoretic developments in criminology â€Å"within the past 20 yearsRead MoreBad Monkey And The Social Phenomenon Of Crime783 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Science theories in criminology builds frameworks of empirical evidence which are used to study and interpret the social phenomenon of crime (Callinicos, 1999). Of the many theories developed over the course of the study of the science of criminology, Robert Agnew’s General Strain and Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association theories stood out the most while I indulged in Carl Hiaasen novel Bad Monkey. In this essay I will be using Carl Hiaasen novel Bad Monkey to draw out examples of

U.s. Federal Family Education Loan - 1657 Words

Back to the early years of establishing a student-loan scheme in China, the US’s Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program was regarded as a blueprint to follow. This is largely because commercial lenders would use their own private capitals to finance student loans and consequently, the government can invest less and also bear less fiscal burden to initiate a new program. Ironically, the FFEL program was blamed as a wasteful and inefficient system and called for an end by President Obama in 2009, and the Congress ended this program on June 30, 2010. According to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), student loans guaranteed or held by the U.S. federal government had crossed the $1 trillion mark, and outstanding student loan†¦show more content†¦The latest practice in 2014 includes extending the maximum amortization period for student loans to 20 years, and students will have a 36-month grace period for repayment . Establishing student-loan forgiveness mechanism, providing relief to struggling borrowers, and strengthening debt or borrower counseling are also mentioned in this document. Although student loans between the U.S. and China differ widely in funding resources, debt management, and collection, i.e. U.S. government offers student loans at below-market interest rates while the interest rate of Chinese student loans is in accordance with its benchmark interest rate released by the central bank, the American experiences in dealing with loan defaults as correcting the default behavior through proactive measures - offering safety nets(income-based repayments) to student borrowers who face financial hardship, etc. are also worth considering. Research Design A triangulation mixed methods approach (Creswell et al., 2007) containing quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis will be selected to conduct this research. The empirical analysis in this study will explain what factors mainly contribute to loan defaults (student borrower’s ability to make the repayment) and qualitative analysis will identify how student borrowers value their loan repayments (student borrower’s willingness to make the repayment). I will collect and analyze these quantitative and qualitative

What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize Free Essays

Sympathy is defined as having feelings of sorrow for someone else’s misfortune. In a novel, sympathizing in a character allows the reader to relate to them. In Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, there is no female character with whom we can sympathize. We will write a custom essay sample on What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, at various points within the novel we do offer our brief condolences to each character. Throughout the novel Daisy Buchanan appears enigmatic to the reader: why is she in a loveless relationship? Why did she leave Gatsby hanging on a thread? Many conclude that the ultimate chapters prove to us in many ways that she is incapable of loving. Shown by her choice to stay with Tom for his wealth and security; rather than choosing Gatsby, for she was â€Å"appalled by its raw vigour that chaffed†. She looks down on the vulgar nature of people that try and buy their way into the upper class as he has done. However, it is feasible to suggest that she chose Tom; after all he didn’t build his empire selling illegal alcohol like Gatsby. In addition, it is possible to argue that being in an unhappy marriage – shown by her reaction to Tom speaking to his mistress over dinner – is a liable reason to which we can feel empathy for her. Despite all of this, however, it is apparent throughout the novel that she is materialistic, promiscuous and immoral. As soon as Tom leaves she â€Å"kiss[es] him on the mouth† she is not only betraying Tom, but she acts â€Å"careless[ly]† with Gatsby’s emotions. He is a character in which the reader can sympathize – meaning she is hated. Ultimately, she chooses to run away with Tom, this is her last act that convinces we, as the reader, to deplore her. Jordan is an equally difficult character to whom we can sympathize; however, for different reasons. There is only really one instance in the novel that contrasts this view, and that’s when Jordan had â€Å"met another bad driver† in Nick. This does make her emotionally accessible to us; we can feel pity for her. However, this is overshadowed by her compulsive ability to lie. Apparently, she does not â€Å"give a damn† about the end of her and Nick’s relationship; an obvious lie, yet it implies that she will move on soon enough. We will never know if she actually met someone else during her and Nick’s meeting, yet it is unlikely, as she is a neurotic fabricator. Adding to this, we notice that Jordan is a highly destructive and careless character, rather like Daisy. She casually mentions to Nick that she â€Å"left a borrowed car out in the rain, and then lied about it† She is being careless with other peoples property, lying about it to ensure she is not affected by any repercussions†. It is apparent he that Jordan does not, as a whole, evoke sympathy with us. Myrtle does not draw any sympathy from the reader at a first glance. She is the lower-class mistress to Tom. She is a poor representation of the 1920’s woman as she carries â€Å"her surplus flesh sensuously†, meaning she is rather provocative, it is also the only compliment she receives in the book, inferring Tom’s only use for her is sex; not a particularly good role model for women. She is somewhat comparable to Daisy in that her only care is money and materialism, she wants to escape the upper class, and Tom is her refuge. Her â€Å"tremendous vitality† should aid her in this. However, we can sympathize with â€Å"Myrtle Wilson† when she fulfils her â€Å"tragic achievement†. This refers to her death, all she ever wanted to do was to escape her class and accomplish her American dream, but Nick morbidly realizes that the only way she ever would is through death. Much like Gatsby, her dream is forever doomed. Myrtle, in my opinion is a character with we can sympathize the most; her tragic story is rather like Gatsby’s. In that she had an unachievable, completely unattainable dream in her sight, but it was never to be – a doomed dream. I believe all the female characters in â€Å"The Great Gatsby† have characteristics that make us, as the reader to both love and despise them at the same time. Fitzgerald has portrayed them as merely humans with certain traits and bad decisions that moulds them into who they are. All three of these women are accessible to the reader, whilst at the same time completely detached and despised. I believe that the view in question is different for every reader, as they can make their informed opinion on each of these women. As for me, I do feel sympathy for them, but only to a certain extent. How to cite What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women in The Great Gatsby With Whom the Reader Can Sympathize?, Papers

The Influence of Media on Teenagers Diet free essay sample

The Influence of Media on Obese Teenager’s Diet Introduction Media influence Food product choice is overwhelming as well as TV commercials and print advertisements that want to sell their food products to us. Who to believe? How to choose? Do you trust what is shown to you? Obviously, it’s up to each of us to decide what we eat but if we’re constantly bombarded with images of food every time we pick up a magazine then we’re going to be swayed in what we choose. The advertising of snack and so called junk foods to young people  is being blamed for an obesity epidemic in the United States and elsewhere. Is advertising to blame? Are there other factors going on? How does advertising, for example, work to target young people? Many parents report that they base their decisions about selection of fast food, snack food, and new breakfast cereals on their teens preferences, and parents cite TV as an influence on these preferences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Media on Teenagers Diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Teens are a vulnerable population for a lucrative market, and advertisers in the media often target specific campaigns directly at them. Statement of the Problem â€Å"Television and magazines have been shown to have considerable influence on teens choice of foods that leads to obesity†. Kids today are bombarded with marketing everywhere they go. They see advertisements on the radio, TV and the Internet, in magazines, on school buses, and even in the classroom through news programs produced for schools. In fact, child-targeted advertisement exceeds $15 billion per year. Most of the food advertisements are for fast foods, breakfast cereals, snacks and candies that are high in sugar, salt and fat and nutritionally inadequate. These are the common problems mostly encountered by parents in maintaining healthy diet for their children, especially teenagers nowadays. These are all cause of media influence on their diet. This research will study all the necessary facts and information that associates media on teenager’s diet. Significance of the study As the title implies, this study aims to define why and how media influences teenager’s diet, more particularly with their food choices. Because good nutrition starts at the early stage of our life it is important that we can solve early the possible causes of nutritional impairment which is often cause by lifestyle. This study will focus more on teenagers because most of the time, they spend their eating hours outside their home without the supervision of adults. Moreover this study will be beneficial to students and their parents in defying media as a threat to teenagers’ health and what methods  of persuasion  are being used to sell products and to promote  brands to the youngest viewers. And importantly this will educate us about the marketing strategy of food industries in exploiting us to their appealing advertisements and help us to have enough knowledge about food analysis. And lastly as future nutritionist, this short term study will able us to understand the teenager’s diet and this gives us opportunity to be a positive role model when it comes to making nutritious choices. Scope and Delimitations of the Study This study was delimited to the observation, questioning, investigation; analysis and evaluation of media impact, aimed to know its effect on obese teenagers’ diet. Furthermore, the study was confined to getting the responses of parents and student respondents. The study involved the students of Fatima University and some High School along Valenzuela. We included parents- respondents and make extra effort to interact and to go through the investigation process. We also observe shoppers on groceries and ask them how they come out with their decisions what to include in their shopping cart. We also asked the participation of our group member, Princess Domingo to be the subject on our case study, and observe how food advertisements affect her diet. Hypothesis 1. That food advertising affects eating behavior of obese teens. 2. That brand preference on food affects food choices. 3. Watching while snacking increases risk for obesity and other nutrition related diseases. 4. Nutrition marketing is used on labels of foods that are high in saturated fat, sodium, and/or sugar. 5. Food manufacturers link diet to obesity risks in advertising and labeling. 6. Shoppers onsider food advertisements on choosing foods they will pick on groceries mostly leads to obesity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK * Television * Magazines * Newspaper * Internet * Billboards * Restaurant’s leaflets * Risk for diseases * Low self esteem * Poor performances on physical activity * Insecurities o Obesity FIGURE 1 The paradigm illustrates that media such as television, magazines, newspapers, internet, billboa rds and restaurant’s leaflets are factors that influence obesity in teenagers. And obesity resulted to health risks, low self esteem, poor performances on physical activity and insecurities.

Corruption of Power essays

Corruption of Power essays In the words of Winston Churchill, Power corrupts, but absolute power corrupts absolutely. This statement echos a typical yet sometimes unpleasant characteristic of human nature. Time and again throughout history mankind has repeatedly demonstrated an inherent selfishness. This often results in actions falling short of their preceding ideals. With memorable characters and linguistic devices, Orwell weaves a story of human demons in memorable animal characters. Orwell shows the one flaw in human nature, which inevitably keeps us chained. He uses the art of writing and creates a complex story with complex characters. Orwell all to well points out the flaws of communism and that flaw is human nature. Orwell was born in Bengal, India and was educated at Eton in England. The wealth that he saw at Eton caused him to attain a distaste for money. Orwells outright distaste for money soon caused him to become and opponent of capitalism. Being an opponent of capitalism and communism wasnt exactly a good position during Orwells life. Orwell actually despised all governments that he considered hypocritical. At the point in time Orwell wrote animal farm society had a growing respect for communism. Russia had just been instrumental in the defeat of Nazi Germany and been established as a world power. Orwell for a considerable portion of his life served as a British policeman of sorts with the Indian Imperial Police. After watching the oppressive influence of the declining British Empire he developed a more worldly view. (Kearny 87-98) This worldview allowed him to criticize virtually all forms of government. Orwell was a Socialist and hated communism because it was an impure form! of socialism. He hated the thought of leaders living in large luxurious mansions while the workers slaved in the fields. Orwell saw communism as another way for a ruling elite to control the majority of peasants. Having f...

Top 6 Tips for Navigating a Problem Principal

Top 6 Tips for Navigating a Problem Principal Most of the time, we teachers live within the bubble of our individual classrooms. Once we close the classroom door, were in our own little worlds, rulers of our domains, and completely in control of how our day progresses overall. Sure, we have meetings and all-school directives and grade level coordinating and parent conferences and errands to run around campus. But mostly, were the only adult around for five to six hours a day. But, still, it would be reckless to forget about the wider school power structure and thus ignore the importance of a good relationship with an administrator. Dont learn the hard way that tension with an administrator can spiral out of control if youre not careful. Stop Principal Problems Before They Start Principals are people too, and they arent perfect. But, they certainly are powerful on an elementary school campus. So its key to make sure your relationship is solid, positive, constructive, and mutually respectful. Whether alls well with your principal right now or things are tense, here are some helpful tips from someone whos been in both a great and a poor relationship with various principals: If your relationship is going smoothly and you have a well-liked administrator, then enjoy your job! Life is good and theres nothing better than a kind and supportive principal which makes for a happy school full of happy teachers. Join committees, take risks, ask for advice and support, live it up!If your relationship is going well but youve noticed that many other teachers have problems with your administrator, consider yourself lucky and take proactive steps to maintain a healthy relationship with your principal. Dont be afraid to kiss up and do everything within your power (and common morality) to stay in his good graces. Try to fly under the radar and just make it through his tenure at your school. Nothing lasts forever and your goal must be professional, sane, and calm.If you sense mounting tension from a difficult principal, start documenting every event that occurs between you and him. Keep a log of all conversations, the subject matters, dates, times, and ​duration of his classroom visits. Your sense of a looming problem may eventually prove to be incorrect, but in the meantime, it cant hurt to protect yourself. If your principal goes on the attack and you start to feel victimized, stay calm, remain focused and polite, and work with him to create a plan to solve any problems. Set goals, be straightforward, and try to give him what he seeks. Youll sense it if and when he steps over the line. Until then, give him the benefit of the doubt and show due respect. If you do not yet have a permanent or tenured position at this school or district, you must go above and beyond the call of duty to solve this problem and make it right.If it becomes clear that your principal is overstepping his bounds or preventing you from properly performing your teaching duties, consider talking to your union representative. Chances are, the union rep will already have fielded other complaints about this administrator. As long as you are a sane and goodhearted professional, it will rarely be you who brings up the first complaint about a given individual. Learn about your protected rights and make a plan with the union rep to clear the air and come to a new understanding with the administrator. If the problem does not improve over time with mediation and patience, then you can always request a transfer to another campus. You may also choose to eventually mentally relinquish the stress over this situation and continue to focus your positive energies on the most important people in the school: your young students who need you! Give them everything you have and before you know it, your problem administrator will likely be moving on to another assignment or the tensions will naturally dissipate as he moves on to a new target. As you can see, there are varying degrees of principal problems and it will require your good judgment to decide on a course of action.

Primary Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Primary Education - Assignment Example The education system in the United Kingdom consist a handful of skilled teachers to provide meaningful support for the students with behaviour problems in the primary schools. Additionally, teachers who work in small groups with such students have a severe flow of problems for training them. Such strains occur due to the student's behavioural problem or their own intellectual demands to work with such students. "Far from being deranged and dangerous, [most UK children with problem behaviour] were tired, despairing underachieving, and invariably desperately sad about their circumstances...The same might be said about many of the staff who referred the pupils. They are expressed exhaustion, feelings of inadequacy, and a sense of alienation from the demands of an increasingly utilitarian education system." 1(1) Resources to overcome behavioural problems in the United Kingdom are very limited and should be invested to prevent such problems throughout the primary years of the student. Behaviour problem has an unbalanced influence on the positive way of learning and appropriate learning and behaviour are achieved through positive support of the teachers.2(2) However, such behavioural problems of the students in primary sections are mostly classified into habit disorders, psychosocial disorders, anxiety disorders and disruptive behaviour.3(3) Students with such problems have always been a part of the school population. To overcome such obstacles, psychopathology was intervened to assure normal progress of the students. On the other hand, in 1997 or 1998, a research proved about the student behaviour was to be good for around 80% in the primary schools and 2% percent of these were unsatisfactory. Schools with poor behaviour, often indulged in one year group, were extremely demanding for teacher's involvement. Although recently, the most widespread concern was in United Kingdom was about bullying. About 663 children, aged amid 2-9, were calculated for bullying experience, most of them were boys who were the victims. Though, according to a study, bullying by girls has been misjudged, excluding social relationships etc., girls can be aggressive like boys. Michele Elliot from one of the first charity established in United Kingdom, Kidscape, reported "Sexual bullying has almost become a way of asserting your power over others and for that reason it is disturbing." Recent figures by government illustrates over 280 of expulsions from the primary schools and in twenty of such cases, children of 5 years old were responsible.4(4) Like Kidscape, many other organizations are doing anti-bullying work in the United Kingdom such as sponsors from Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) and by the other voluntary organizations. The most inspiring campaign introduced in 1080s was the "DFE Funded Sheffield Anti-Bullying Project 1991-1993." As a result to this project, "The Pack Don't Suffer in Silence" (HMSO, 1994) was introduced which was requested by more then 19,000 schools in England. Apart from bullying, there has been a minor increase of the students for being permanently excluded from the school about 0.04% of the school population. According to Belfast School of England, there have been up to 3% of the students from the total population expelled due to their behaviour. Another most

Travel agents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Travel agents - Essay Example In this way, First Choice can offer discounts, but at the same time they will try selling through their First Choice Brochures as it is offering a greater profit. On the other hand, Althams and PR World are smaller setups with their presence in smaller areas. Companies like PR World relies on repeat orders from satisfied customers. They offer a personalized and customized service to its customers to take repeat orders. In this way, the loyal customers will be there. First Choice deals with tickets and bookings of various airlines and companies whereas PR World also deals with holiday package. In this way they are offering an additional service to its customers, giving them a higher value. Secondly, their service level and quality is better than the other two. This way, they can retain their customers. The First Choice offices have a high street presence which attracts more customers. This way they can offer a wider range of products to a greater number of people. But, Althams and PR World can accommodate customers in their narrow vicinity only, thus they have a narrow customer base to cater to. This difference leads the agents to have different target markets and different set of customers to work for. Ownership of business is another factor that contributes to the performance and working of the agency.

Unilever International Strategy Analysis

Unilever International Strategy Analysis 1. Introduction 2.2 The main factors influencing the market strategies 2.2.1 The influence from macro environmental factors on strategy selection Environmental factors have influences on strategy selection (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). Such factors refer to the aspects of politics, economy, society and technology. PEST analysis can be used to discover the possible tendency in external environment which may finally determine the strategy a company adopts. A multi-national company may pay special attention to the relationships between governments and the future policies a government may adopt due to the influences of political factors. The MNC may also care about the changes of labor cost and exchange rate influenced by economic factors (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). With PEST analysis a connection is established between the general environment and strategy selection. Therefore, the weak and implicit signals hidden in the general environment become critical factors explaining the changes of strategies (Henry, 2008). 2.2.2 The influence from micro environment factors on strategy selection The macro environment affects all firms while micro environment affects the films only in particular industries. This comprises very loosely the internalities of the organization: that is, the forces over which the organization has some control, or perhaps influence is a better way of describing the level of power the organization possesses (Jon, Peter, Patrick 2004). Micro environment factors include consumers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, media and competitors. One classic model that looks at the structure of an industry is Michael Porters Five Forces model (Malcolm and Dennis 2002). The challenge facing the firm is how to reach market and serve it efficiently and a socially responsible scale (Vincent 2008). 2.2.3 The ways of core competence affecting strategy selection Starting inside an enterprise, core competency or resource-based views mainly concentrate on evaluating what special abilities an enterprise has in adapting to the business environment and acquiring the best market opportunities to exploit (Brain, 2003). Carpenter (2007) proposes that as the center of a company operating its business, core competence concerns the abilities that can be commonly applied by enterprises in their principal businesses and helps them create innovative products and services. Core competence can become the basis of establishing new strategies, and help a company to break down the old rules and create opportunities in new areas (Joyce and Woods, 2001). 2.2.4 International strategy The enormous variety of operations embraces by the term multinational has led some writers to distinguish between for key strategies when competing in the international business environment: a global strategy, a transnational strategy, a multidomestic strategy and an international strategy (Wall and Rees, 2004). A major limitation is its lack of localized strategy. It can be contrasted with the multinational model. Often called a multidomestic model, it is a decentralized federation (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1998:56). National subsidiaries are managed as independent units, able to adapt strategy to local conditions. Co-ordination from the centre is limited, and based on personal relationships between managers from the centre and those in subsidiary units, rather than on formal management systems (Morrison, 2009). 3. Macro and Micro Environment for Unilever According to Stonehouse and al (2004: 142) the macro environment is the part of the environment over which the business can rarely exert any direct influence but to which it must respond. To analyse Unilevers external environment critically, the basic method is PESTEL, which focuses on the change in terms of politics, economy, society, technology, environment and laws. The main factors that influence Unilevers macro environment are economy and society. For economic factor, new emerging market is developing rapidly, such as India which stands for $300 million every year. According to the economic situation, the whole world is undergoing a revolution in the history. The economic power has transferred from developed countries to China and other emerging market. With market reform, the speed of development in new emerging economies is much faster than that of developed countries. And this discrepancy is more easily to be found. Because of such specific market, political aspect also should be taken into account. In some countries where increasing GDP and rate of employment is everything, like South Africa, negotiation and special treatment from government will become good advantages for companies. Obviously, Unilever has done well in capitalizing this advantages into growth. In India, besides retail market in cities, Unilever also shows great interest in rural market, which is often ignored by other enterprises. The company has invested much in rural population who are the biggest potential consumers in the future though rank lowest now in global economy. Unilever has given fully play to opportune time, advantageous terrain an popular support of its subsidiary Hindustan lever ltd, exploiting rural retail market in-depth and finally gained a national vision in India. Whats more, the economic factor in macro environment not only refers to the domestic economy. Global economy situation also influenced its development a lot. The economic crisis in 2008 has affected almost every nation, every industry in the world. So does Unilever. Take Chinese market for an example, in recent 30 years, particularly in recent ten years, the GDP has grew with an increase never under 10%, but in 2008 after September, the number dropped to 9.5%, lower than that of the second quarter. For political factor, similarly, lets hold Chinese market as the example. When Unilever enter Chinese market at first, it can only establish joint venture on the ground of the restricted policies at that time. The company set up Shanghai Lever Ltd with local enterprises in 1986. However, both party had divergence on development strategies and the joint venture structure leaded to decreased management efficiency. In 1999, Unilever gave up joining investment with local enterprises and turn to co-operate with its headquarter, building up Unilever Ltd, China. This change has greatly enforced the companys control over business in China. Besides economy and politics, social factor also affect Unilever. Since the late 1990s, Unilever has confronted a awkward situation in China. As Unilever pursue the multi brand strategy, only 14% Chinese knew what Unilever is at that time. But its competitor, Nestle and PG has already gained well public awareness. Thus the company started marketing with social responsibility. Unilever Hope Star project is then designed to help 200 impoverished students for their university with financial assistance. The then president of Unilever also flied to Chongqing to meet with the first 25 students. In addition, it invested hundreds of Hope School in many parts of China. All these efficient public-service activities has increased Unilevers reputation and fostered a positive corporate image. Micro environment includes suppliers, distributors, customers, competitors and publics. As to Unilever, among them the most important one is distributors and competitors weigh much as well. Traditionally, Unilever is a multidivisional organization. Its subsidiaries in every nation take in charge of all the products in local market. But after middle 1990s, this form was longer accustomed to the dynamic marketing environment. In 1996, Unilever decided to let many divisional departments of business group focus on certain specific products. For instance, in European business group, some departments stressed on detergent business, while some focus on ice-cream or frozen food. For the competitors, PG, undoubtedly, is Unilevers closest one. There are fierce rivalries between two companies in many fields like hair product. PG has introduced Head-shoulders, REJOICE and PANTENE successively, known as professional anti-scurf, smooth hair and conditioning hair shampoos. Thus, Unilever has launched a new brand CLREAR in order to cover its shortage in anti-handcuff market. This has been not a small impact on PG. 3. Industry globalisation / localisation drivers and Key factors for success 3.1 The globalization / localization of Unilever With the development of interweaved economy, Unilever began to modify its management strategies since 1990s, concentrating on its advantageous products and brands. At the same time, Unilever pays great attention to combining globalisation with localisation. It will develop its new products ingredients, formulas and even advertisement and package according to the diversified habit and expectations of consumers in different regions. For example, if the home office decides to launch a new brand of ice-cream, a united formula, ingredient list, manufacturing technology, package and advertisement will be offered globally. But it also changes the basic product slightly, like adding or reducing ingredients, so that the ice-cream can satisfy the different tastes of consumers. The producer may add more cocoa in southern Asia while reduce sweetness in China. And in different area, the local language will appear on the package, the local star will show on advertisement. However, the manufacturing technology, logo and quality standard is single. Local sales office or research institutions have no right to control or change. They can put forward suggestions but cannot make decisions. If the company wants to introduce cosmetics, a unique local condition is unavoidable to consider. Which type of skin do they belong? Are their skins sensitive? What is the color of their color? Producers should change the formula or ingredients based on these questions. Otherwise the product will find no market and damage the producers reputations. 3.2 The key point for the success of Unilever The key point for the success of Unilever mainly consists of two part: 1, promoting brand value; 2, establishing Competency Model 3.2.1 Not to create but to buy it As analysed, in order to create a new brand, only media investment can reach at least $200 billion. If a company is going to enter a total new market or a foreign market, the cost of expanding brand publicity will be much more expensive, let alone the existed threats from other powers in the original market. In this case, many enterprises will choose to promote brand value through use of capital. Unilever is one of the representatives. Unilever owns more 400 brands around the world but most of them is first purchased from other nations and then popularized to the whole world. Ponds originated from US but were purchased by Unilever, who has developed it as a very famous skin product in the world. Another brand is Zhonghua, which is traditional toothpaste of China. Unilever included it as one of its branches and now Zhonghua has become the top one in Chinese market again. But potential crisis also exist behind success. Since 1996, Unilever has suffered great decline in turnover, while PG still maintains a stable increase on the contrary. In 2004, both Unilever and PG gained a income of nearly $52 billion. The later ones yearly profit reached as much as $6.4 billion, but Unilever only had $2.42 billion. An indispensable reason is just the purchasing strategy although it has pushed Unilever to success. 3.2.2 Set up Competency Model In Unilever, the values of company will tell employees what to do and how to do it. If the employee agrees with the values, he is naturally tended to behave by following it, or to restrict himself with the guidance of the values. If he does not agree, he needs to change himself by acquired learning. And here, a comparatively clear standard or instructions is necessary. Thus, Unilever established the Competency Model, which aids employees to know themselves correctly, to march on improving themselves. If employees quality is increased, so does the working efficiency and achievement. This has brought more profit to Unilever in turn. 4. International Strategy for Unilever and the comparisons between Unilever and PG 4.1 International Strategy for Unilever Unilever was once a typical MNC, but now it has transferred to operate with multinational strategies. In the 1980s, just in Europe, Unilever had altogether 17 major brands of washing products all over the worlds, which is not only a waste of asset, but also causes market overlapping. Moreover, since subsidiaries of Unilever are widely distributed all over the world, it often takes as many as four years for them to promote a new product. Unilever is now trying to integrate its European operations into a single entity, and to the manufacture of detergents emphasizing cost-effectiveness of several plants. Unilever uses standardized packaging and advertising approaches all over Europe. According to the estimation of the company, an annual cost can be saved more than $200 million. But at the same time, because of distribution channels and brand awareness of the country-specific differences, Unilever company recognizes that it still maintains regional adaptation, and even tries to possess the best location in production and marketing to achieve its economic objective. 4.2 To evaluate Unilevers international strategies by comparing it with PG in Chinese market. 4.2.1The brand competition between Unilever and PG What are the reasons that lead to Unilever, the owner of many Chinese native brands, inferior to PG, who only has its own brands, in Chinese market? The strategic reason is acceptable, but more important is reflection on Unilevers marketing mix. In this section, the author will analyse Unilevers strategies by comparing CLEAR and Head Shoulders. Brand strategy In terminal promotion, all related hair products has involved in it. It seems that PG takes more finesse in this competition, no matter for the influence of single brand or the brand fitness. Market basis CLEAR can date back to 1973. The product has been sold in many places such as Europe, Southeast Asia and gained more 100 billion consumers in the world. However, 80% market share is occupied by Head Shoulders in anti-handcuff market. Product mix For the first time CLEAR segments the anti-handcuff market further. It aims at the blind point in market and introduces a new hair product specially for men. Terminal construction CLEAR is a new brand in Chinese market. Though it has a background of Unilever, the public awareness has not been established yet. Contrarily, Head Shoulders has been the leader in this field with many years of cultivation. On the other hand, as Unilever lacks in terminal resources and market basis, CLEARs coverage rate in all kinds of retail terminal is still far behind Head Shoulders. For the reasons, we may find that CLEAR depends two much on marketing segments and advertisement, but ignores the efficiency and performance problem in sales practice. Unilevers awkward position in China mainly results from: Mistaken idea of co-operation In early years, Unilever operates the management strategy as: to co-operate with some native enterprises by using their distribution network and salesmen. This strategy is ok, but Unilever hasnt done well in coordination and management. Among the 12 joint ventures, each of them has its own production line, distribution system and salesmen. Many parts overlap together, thus increase the total cost. Product management defect Chinese market is very broad and complicated. Consumers needs varied from place to place because of the different customs and habits. In order to meet this trend, the producer has to invent some products with some unique features and right market position. But certainly Unilever is inadequate in this part. Compared Unilevers product list with that of PG, we can see that, for the hair product alone, every brand has fulfilled different consumers requirements. These products possess clear market position that attracts large number of consumers. Relatively, Unilever hasnt done enough in this point. 4.3 Unilevers advantageous strategies Yet, the failure in one part doesnt mean the total failure. Unilever also has some distinctive strategies that stimulate the company to advance. 4.3.1 Global brands is important as well as local brands Among Unilevers 400 global brands, most of them is purchased from original countries first and then popularized to the whole world. Unilevers success greatly depends on its deep root in local market and the first-hand data of regional culture. The company will change dynamically to adapt to the local conditions. Global and native brands develop together so that the company will gain maximum benefit. 4.3.2 Marketing channel of distribution strategy Unilevers marketing channel covers almost parts of countries, and its management and insensitive level is high. In this way, the home office can transfer its purpose clearly from level to level. 4.3.3 Market promotion Unilevers advertising designs embody each products characteristics and form an interactive effect. Conveying promotional messages through advertisement has presented the companys positive image. This made Unilever as one of the most successful supplier of everyday use. 5. Core Competences of Unilever Core Competency is a special ability of a company that competitors find extremely difficult or impossible to equal (Wild, Wild, and Han, 2010). As an important component of the companys core competitiveness, brand is closely related to such categories of competitiveness as enterprises culture, core technology, and human resources, etc. Market competition comes from the previous product quality, price, variety and service. Unilever takes the brand strategy as its core competitiveness. Unilever has a rich, mature, multi-brand management experience for a global perspective, it focuses on brand strategy, decreases the number of brands from 2000 to 400, so as to ensure the first-line brand growth. As for localization, Unilever has meanwhile sought in the development of global brands, as well as protection and development of domestic brands. Large international brands integrated into the development process of Unilever have always been of a high priority. 75% of Unilevers sales volume comes from 400 brands in these 2000 ones. 4.6% growth over last year. These brands have a high profit. If they focus on the development of these 400 brands, their business is bound to generate a greater benefit. Compressing the size of Unilever brand is based on the 80/20 rule, that is, the golden rule under which 80% of the companys sales is created from 20% of the merchandises, i.e. 400 brands selected from 2000 ones (Christopher, 2003). 6. Effectiveness of Unilevers strategy and operation Unilever has been the leader in everyday use market. This is undoubtedly successful. Being a multinational company, Unilever has fostered a positive image in new emerging market. Through purchasing native brands, Unilever has enlarged the popularity of its products and the market share. But compared to PG, Unilever leaves much to be desired in recent years. In 2004, the income of Unilever dropped 6% than last year, and the profit dropped as much as 9%. In September of the same year, Unilever issued a profit warning without precedent, saying that the company may not reach the promised profit growth. Companys multinational strategy sounds very attractive as it hold cost and differentiation advantages at the same time. But operating this strategy is quite difficult. The press from local adjusting collides with lower cost to Unilever. Competing with other low-cost enterprises forces Unilever to improve cost reduction. Meanwhile, the different government regulations in the world require Unilever keep changing in response to the local needs. When entering a new market, Unilever prefers to seeking recourses from local environment, which reduce the cost a lot. While for the local adjusting, Unilever tries to close the gap by purchasing native brands. Moreover, localisation is the key strategy, including human resource localisation, capital running localisation, procurement localisation etc. But in the authors opinion, the most significant aspect of localisation is decision-making localisation. The Unilever system is slow in reacting and leads to an inefficient decision-making. This is the key problem that influences Unilevers performance. 7. Conclusion Unilever has developed as one of the leaders in the worlds consumer product brands. The company has carried out many strategies according to factors that influence business strategies. The factors refer to both macro and micro environment. For a multinational company, glolisation and localisation play a vital role in opening new market. Unilever is good at popularizing products by purchasing them from original countries. It is skilled in adjust its strategies to different local conditions. The paper has analysed the international strategies of Unilever and put forward critical advices for its further development. For example, to focus on combination of globalisation and localisation, to insist on its successful brand strategy, etc. It is argued to say that a strategy is absolutely good or not. A suitable strategy is more important. Any company must choose the strategies that best fit its pratical situation. Unilevers adjustment strategies based on local market information can best explain this. 8. Further Recommendations The development for a company cannot be smooth all the time. Even a multinational company like Unilever may face every kind of problems through the process. For example, as we have mentioned above, mistaken idea of co-operation, product operating defect, etc which lead Unilever to a awkward position in the competition. With these painful lessons, the author suggested that Unilever should sum up experiences and change its management strategies, like insisting on successful brand strategy, brands creativity strategy as well as focusing on combination of globalisation and localisation. Whats more, it should persist in training qualified employees and carrying out well-rounded localisation strategy. High qualified employees will bring unexpected profit to Unilever. And only having a thorough knowledge of market and consumers can Unilever remain unconquerable. Besides, Unilever also must know well the dynamic environment change and response it with adjustment measures. These measures should be suitable for the environmental requirements.

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay

I have been searching for many years for the Holy Grail of interactive learning, a distinction between collaborative and cooperative learning definitions. I am getting closer to my elusive goal all the time but I am still not completely satisfied with my perception of the two concepts. I believe my confusion arises when I look at processes associated with each concept and see some overlap or inter-concept usage. I will make a humble attempt to clarify this question by presenting my definitions and reviewing those of other authors who have helped clarify my thinking. Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction designed to facilitate the accomplishment of an end product or goal. Collaborative learning (CL) is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together in groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members’ abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of authority and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions. The underlying premise of collaborative learning is based upon consensus building through cooperation by group members, in contrast to competition in which individuals best other group members. CL practitioners apply this philosophy in the classroom, at committee meetings, with community groups, within their families and generally as a way of living with and dealing with other people. Cooperative learning is defined by a set of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific. It is more directive than a collaboratve system of governance and closely controlled by the teacher. While there are many mechanisms for group analysis and introspection the fundamental approach is teacher centered whereas collaborative learning is more student centered. Spencer Kagan in an article in Educational Leadership (Dec/Jan 1989/1990) provides an excellent definition of cooperative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. His definition provides an unbrella for the work cooperative learning specialists including he Johnsons, Slavin, Cooper, Graves and Graves, Millis, etc. It follows below: â€Å"The structural approach to cooperative learning is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures, or content-free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. Structures usually involve a series of steps, with proscribed behavior at each step. An important cornerstone of the approach is the distinction bet ween â€Å"structures† and â€Å"activities†. â€Å"To illustrate, teachers can design many excellent cooperative activities, such as making a team mural or a quilt. Such activities almost always have a specific content-bound objective and thus cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. Structures may be used repeatedly with almost any subject matter, at a wide range of grade levels and at various points in a lesson plan. † John Myers (Cooperative Learning vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. Co-operative learning has largely American roots from the philosophical writings of John Dewey stressing the social nature of learning and the work on group dynamics by Kurt Lewin. Collaborative learning has British roots, based on the work of English teachers exploring ways to help students respond to literature by taking a more active role in their own learning. The cooperative learning tradition tends to use quantitative methods which look at achievement: i. e. , the product of learning. The collaborative tradition takes a more qualitative approach, analyzing student talk in response to a piece of literature or a primary source in history. Myers points out some differences between the two concepts: â€Å"Supporters of co-operative learning tend to be more teacher-centered, for example when forming heterogeneous groups, structuring positive inter- dependence, and teaching co-operative skills. Collaborative learning advocates distrust structure and allow students more say if forming friendhip and interest groups. Student talk is stressed as a means for working things out. Discovery and contextural approaches are used to teach interpersonal skills. † â€Å"Such differences can lead to disagreements†¦. I contend the dispute is not about research, but more about the morality of what should happen in the schools. Beliefs as to whast should happen in the schools can be viewed as a continuum of orientations toward curriculum from â€Å"transmission† to â€Å"transaction† to â€Å"transmission†. At one end is the transmission position. As the name suggests, the aim of this orientation is to transmit knowledge to students in the form of facts, skills and values. The transformation position at the other end of the continuum stresses personal and social change in which the person is said to be interrelated with the environment rather than having control over it. The aim of this orientation is self-actualization, personal or organizational change. † Rocky Rockwood (National Teaching and Learning Forum vol 4 #6, 1995 part 1) describes the differences by acknowledging the parallels they both have in that they both use groups, both assign specific tasks, and both have the groups share and compare their procedures and conclusions in plenary class sessions. The major difference lies in the fact that cooperative deals exclusively with traditional (canonical) knowledge while collaborative ties into the social constructivist movement, asserting that both knowledge and authority of knowledge have changed dramatically in the last century. â€Å"The result has been a transition from â€Å"foundational (cognitive) understanding of knowledge†, to a nonfoundational ground where â€Å"we understand knowledge to be a social construct and learning a social process† (Brufee, Collaborative learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge, 1993). Rockwood states: â€Å"In the ideal collaborative environment, the authority for testing and determining the appropriateness of the group product rests with, first, the small group, second, the plenary group (the whole class) and finally (but always understood to be subject to challenge and revision) the requisite knowledge community (i. e. the discipline: geography, history, biology etc. ) The concept of non- foundational knowledge challenges not only the product acquired, but also the process employed in the acquisition of foundational knowledge. â€Å"Most importantly, in cooperative, the authority remains with the instructor, who retains ownership of the task, which involves either a closed or a closable (that is to say foundational) problem ( the instructor knows or can predict the answer). In collaborative, the instructor–once the task is set– transfers all authority to the group. In the ideal, the group’s task is always open ended. † â€Å"Seen fr om this perspective, cooperative does not empower students. It employs them to serve the instructor’s ends and produces a â€Å"right† or acceptable answer. Collaborative does truly empower and braves all the risks of empowerment (for example, having the group or class agree to an embarrassingly simplistic or unconvincing position or produce a solution in conflict with the instructor’s). † â€Å"Every person, Brufee holds, belongs to several â€Å"interpretative or knowledge communities† that share vocabularies, points of view, histories, values, conventions and interests. The job of the instructor id to help students learn to negotiate the boundaries between the communities they already belong to and the community represented by the teacher’s academic discipline, which the students want to join. Every knowledge community has a core of foundational knowledge that its members consider as given (but not necessarily absolute). To function independently within a knowledge community, the fledgling scholar must master enough material to become conversant with the community. † Rockwood concludes: In my teaching experience, cooperative represents the best means to approach mastery of foundational knowledge. Once students become reasonably conversant, they are ready for collaborative, ready to discuss and assess,†¦. † Myers suggests use of the â€Å"transaction† orientation as a compromise between taking hard positions advocating either methodology. â€Å"This orientation views education as a dialogue between the student and the curriculum. Students are viewed as problem solvers. Problem solving and inquiry approaches stressing cognitive skills and the ideas of Vygotsky, Piaget, Kohlberg and Bruner are linked to transaction. This perspective views teaching as a â€Å"conversation† in which teachers and students learn together through a process of negotiation with the curriculum to develop a shared view of the world. † It is clear to me that in undertaking the exercize of defining differences between the two ideas we run the risk of polarizing the educational community into a we versus them mentality. There are so many benefits which acrue from both ideas that it would be a shame to lose any advantage gained from the student-student-teacher interactions created by both methods. We must be careful to avoid a one-size-fits-all mentality when it comes to education paradigms. As a final thought, I think it behooves teachers to educate themselves about the myriad of techniques and philosophies which create interactive environments where students take more responsibility for their own learning and that of their peers. Then it will become possible to pick and chose those methods which best fit a particular educational goal or community of learners.

Gender Inequality And Sexism Are Common Social Issues...

Gender inequality and sexism are common social issues within today’s society. I believe for a while now, men were thought of as the stronger sex, thus they were the ones who â€Å"brought home the bacon† while the women stayed at home, taking care of the children and keeping the house neat. Within the workforce as well, I believe men were always thought to be superior; they were the ones getting more frequent promotions and higher salaries, all catering to the idea of â€Å"bringing home the bacon.† In education, I think males are taken more seriously as well. Male professors are thought to be more laid-back in terms of teaching while women are more strict because they have something to prove. The male students in colleges and universities, are known to major in things such as engineering or finance, partaking in various math and science courses, whereas the women are steered more towards the liberal arts such as English or history. Jerry A. Jacobs (1996) m entions in his article, Gender Inequality and Higher Education, that â€Å"one of the striking features of education in the United States is the prominence of women among college students† (p. 155). He asks the question of whether or not women are â€Å"equally represented at top-tier institutions† and refers to the â€Å"Hearn (1990) and Persell et al (1992) report, based on an analysis of data on 1980 high school seniors, that women were disadvantaged in access to elite schools† (p. 155). Jacobs goes on to mention that â€Å"in recentShow MoreRelatedLiberal Feminists Vs Liberal Feminism992 Words   |  4 Pagesdominated society for acceptance as an equal, they do not believe that everyone possesses equal ability or an equal right to societal resources (Freidman et al., 20111, p. 5), ergo ‘justice’. 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Nickel and Dimed Argumentative Essay - 632 Words

Essay In Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich, Ehrenreich goes undercover as a low-wage worker, when she is really a reporter for New York Times. In Barbara’s journey, it explains all of the hardships workers have with low-wage jobs and makes your think: Does the accumulation of money and power inevitably lead to a loss of spirituality? Ehrenreich states that workers work long and stressful hours for almost no pay whatsoever but many people believe that these certain jobs are too easy and SHOULD receive the low wages that they’re currently receiving. Do companies that give their workers low wages for the accumulation of money and power inevitably lead to a loss of their ethics and do it also lead to a loss of workers? I believe this†¦show more content†¦Others also state that these jobs are not hard and can easily be done without getting drained of all your energy, without working hard, or even without breaking a sweat, and that all they do is sit around and flip b urgers while taking people’s orders. More importantly, however, being able to go to college and get a good degree in a descent field is very difficult if not impossible. The cost of living and studying at a typical private college can add up to close to $45,000, multiply that by four to get your Bachelor’s degree, and that’s a whopping $180,000, an incredible sum of money for the average American. So in the end, working low-wage job may be someone’s only option due to the cost of college and being able to get a better paying job. As for the argument where these jobs aren’t tiring, try cleaning for 8-10 hours a day, it wouldn’t be easy. Most making the claim that these jobs are â€Å"easy†, are sitting down typing on the computer all day, not knowing what the low-wage workers do all day. Low-wage workers are working long and hard hours for almost no pay, which is absolutely ridiculous. These workers dedicate everything in their lives, for $7.25 an hour. I believe their lives are worth more than that. By saying all of this, I hope you understand that these workers are getting ripped off and no one can or will do ANYTHING about